{"id":225,"date":"2023-09-20T07:53:35","date_gmt":"2023-09-20T07:53:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coderepublics.com\/blog\/?p=225"},"modified":"2024-06-15T15:14:51","modified_gmt":"2024-06-15T15:14:51","slug":"what-is-osi-model-7-layers-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/coderepublics.com\/blog\/internet\/what-is-osi-model-7-layers-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"What is OSI Model in Computer Network | 7 Layers Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>OSI stands for<b>\u00a0(Open Systems Interconnection). <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IIt is a 7-layer architecture, with each layer having specific functionality. All these 7 layers work to transmit the data from one person to another across the globe.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>This model serves as the standard for network communications, introduced in 1983, and later adopted by ISO as an international standard in 1984. It helps us visualize and communicate how networks operate, as well as isolate and troubleshoot networking issues.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_71 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/coderepublics.com\/blog\/internet\/what-is-osi-model-7-layers-explained\/#7_Layers_of_OSI_Model\" title=\"7 Layers of OSI Model\">7 Layers of OSI Model<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/coderepublics.com\/blog\/internet\/what-is-osi-model-7-layers-explained\/#Application_Layer\" title=\"Application Layer\">Application Layer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/coderepublics.com\/blog\/internet\/what-is-osi-model-7-layers-explained\/#Presentation_Layer\" title=\"Presentation Layer\">Presentation Layer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/coderepublics.com\/blog\/internet\/what-is-osi-model-7-layers-explained\/#Session_Layer\" title=\"Session Layer\">Session Layer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/coderepublics.com\/blog\/internet\/what-is-osi-model-7-layers-explained\/#Transport_Layer\" title=\"Transport Layer\">Transport Layer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/coderepublics.com\/blog\/internet\/what-is-osi-model-7-layers-explained\/#Network_Layer\" title=\"Network Layer\">Network Layer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/coderepublics.com\/blog\/internet\/what-is-osi-model-7-layers-explained\/#Data_Link_Layer\" title=\"Data Link Layer\">Data Link Layer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/coderepublics.com\/blog\/internet\/what-is-osi-model-7-layers-explained\/#Physical_Layer\" title=\"Physical Layer\">Physical Layer<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/coderepublics.com\/blog\/internet\/what-is-osi-model-7-layers-explained\/#OSI_Layer_in_a_nutshell\" title=\"OSI Layer in a nutshell\">OSI Layer in a nutshell<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/coderepublics.com\/blog\/internet\/what-is-osi-model-7-layers-explained\/#Advantages_of_the_OSI_Model\" title=\"Advantages of the OSI Model\">Advantages of the OSI Model<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Layers_of_OSI_Model\"><\/span>7 Layers of OSI Model<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>We&#8217;ll explain the 7 OSI layers model from &#8216;top to bottom,&#8217; starting from the application layer to the physical layer.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Application_Layer\"><\/span><b>Application Layer<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Application Layer is the first layer of the OSI model. This layer is used by end-user software or <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Network applications <\/span>such as web browsers and email clients. This layer uses multiple protocols using different software to send and receive information and present meaningful data to users.<\/p>\n<p><b>Protocols: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HTTP, FTP, SMTP, POP3, Telnet, POP, DNS, DHCP, SNMP<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Presentation_Layer\"><\/span><b>Presentation Layer<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presentation Layer is responsible for <\/span><b>encryption and decryption<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It compresses and decompresses the size of data for faster data connection and makes sure that data is received correctly on the other end. Data could be lossy or lossless. It is helpful in real-time video and audio confession.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Protocols:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> SSL, MPEG, ASCH, TLS, WEP, PKI<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Session_Layer\"><\/span><b>Session Layer<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Session Layer is responsible for creating or opening the terminal and connecting two different devices. It performs two functions <\/span><b>Authentication and Authorization<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0 This layer can also create checkpoints during a data transfer. if the session is interrupted, devices can resume data transfer from the last checkpoint. It also helps in reconnecting the broken signals. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Protocols: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RPC, NetBIOS, SAP, Apple Talk, Gateway\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Transport_Layer\"><\/span><b>Transport Layer<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The transport layer accepts data from the session layer and breaks it into \u201csegments\u201d on the transmitting end. This layer has 3 important roles.<\/p>\n<p><b>Segmentation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data received from the session layer is <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">divided into small <strong>frames<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and each segment contains a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">source, destination, and a sequence number <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that helps to resemble all the packets in order.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Flow Control:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It controls the amount of data being transmitted.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Example: There is one server and a smartphone and the server transmits data with 100mbps while the smartphone is able to send and receive data up to 10mbps. So in this case the server reduces the bandwidth size to maintain consistency.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Error Control:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> If some data doesn\u2019t arrive at the destination then it sends a request to the server. Each packet contains checksums that help to find correct data.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Protocol: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TCP, UDP\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Network_Layer\"><\/span><b>Network Layer<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Networking Layers break the segments into network packets and reassemble the packets on the receiving end. Here we do routing and design data which is about to be sent. We&#8217;ll take the help of IP (Internet Protocol) to send data to its destination.<\/p>\n<p><b>Logical Addressing: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this network, the layer provides an IP address to each packet (segment) of data that helps to reach data from source to destination.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Path Destination:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Select the best possible route to send and receive data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Protocols:<\/strong> IPV5, IPV6, ICMP, IPSEC, ARP, MPLS, RIP, OSPR, IGERP<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Data_Link_Layer\"><\/span><b>Data Link Layer<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It helps in <strong>mapping and casting<\/strong>. In this layer, bits are encoded and decoded in the frame. It is responsible for establishing and terminating the connection between two physically connected devices.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Logical link layer:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It deals with error and flow control.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>MAC:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It deals with how to share links in the point-to-point or Broadcast process. It contains a <strong>48-bit address<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Protocols:<\/strong> RAPA, PPP, Frame Relay, ATM, Fiber Cable<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Physical_Layer\"><\/span><b>Physical Layer<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is responsible for the actual physical connection between two devices. It sends bits from one computer to another computer. Here the data converts from <b>Digital signals into analogue signals<\/b> and vice-versa and we call it Modulator and De-Modulator. Here we use connectors like RJ45 and RJ47.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Protocols:<\/strong> RS232, 100BaseTX, ISDN, 11,<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"OSI_Layer_in_a_nutshell\"><\/span><strong>OSI Layer in a nutshell<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Layers<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Layer Name<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Responsibility<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Information Form (Data Unit)<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">Device<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">1<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Application Layer<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Provides a user interface<br \/>\n<br \/>\nApplication access network services.<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Message<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">PC\u2019s (Personal Computer), Phones, Servers<br \/>\nGateways and Firewalls<br \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">2<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Presentation Layer\t<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Present data in a usable format<br \/>\n<br \/>\nEncryption\/Decryption<br \/>\nCompress and Decompress data<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Message<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Gateway<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">3<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Session Layer\t<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Establish, manage and terminate session<br \/>\n<br \/>\nSynchronization data transfer with checkpoints.<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Message<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Gateway<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">4<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Transport Layer\t<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Provide reliable process to process and error delivery.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nError Checking &amp; Data Segmentation.<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Segment<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Firewall, Gateway<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">5<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Network Layer\t<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Move packets from source to destination.<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Packet<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Router<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">6<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Data Link Layer<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Organise bits into frames.<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Frame<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Switch, Bridge, NIC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">7<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Physical Layer<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Transmit RAW bits over the physical medium.<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Bits<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Hub, Repeater, Modem, Cables<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1 from cache -->\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"advantages-of-the-osi-model\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages_of_the_OSI_Model\"><\/span>Advantages of the OSI Model<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Each OSI Layer serves a specific subnet or task:<\/strong> Each layer in the OSI model has a defined role and responsibility in network communication.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Establish connections with different types of computers:<\/strong> This is typically a function of the Transport Layer (Layer 4), which manages end-to-end communication.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Supports multiple routing protocols:<\/strong> Network Layer (Layer 3) is responsible for routing and choosing the best path for data packets.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Provide common reference points between network professionals:<\/strong> The OSI model offers a common framework and terminology for network professionals.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interoperable technology between networks and devices:<\/strong> The OSI model promotes interoperability by standardizing communication protocols.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Supports connectionless and connection-oriented services:<\/strong> This distinction between connectionless (e.g., UDP) and connection-oriented (e.g., TCP) services is relevant to the Transport Layer.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Easily standardize router, switch, motherboard, and other hardware:<\/strong> The OSI model helps standardize networking protocols and interfaces, making it easier to design and manufacture networking hardware.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dl.flipkart.com\/dl\/\/maharaja-whiteline-85-l-desert-air-cooler\/p\/itm19ea1b299ac25?pid=AICGBKHEHHNRDBFH&#038;affid=kuldeepbi1\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img1a.flixcart.com\/www\/prod\/images\/buy_btn_2-f780625c.png\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OSI stands for\u00a0(Open Systems Interconnection). IIt is a 7-layer architecture, with each layer having specific functionality. All these 7 layers work to transmit the data from one person to another across the globe.\u00a0 This model serves as the standard for network communications, introduced in 1983, and later adopted by ISO as an international standard in &#8230; <a title=\"What is OSI Model in Computer Network | 7 Layers Explained\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/coderepublics.com\/blog\/internet\/what-is-osi-model-7-layers-explained\/\" aria-label=\"More on What is OSI Model in Computer Network | 7 Layers Explained\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":250,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[24,23,22],"class_list":["post-225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internet","tag-networking","tag-osi-layer","tag-osi-model"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is OSI Model in Computer Network | 7 Layers Explained - CodeRepublics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"OSI 7 Layers describes how computers travel over a network from a physical medium to a software application. 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